Location
The A'rou freeze/thaw observation station is a alpine grassland ecosystem flux observe site, affiliated to Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAREERI,CAS). This station located in the Caodaban village, A’rou Town, Qilian County, Qinghai Province. The site coordinate: 38°02'50.3″N, 100°27'51.6″E, 3033m. The underlying surface is cold grassland surface, the typical grassland in the Qilian mountains.
Climatic
The A’rou freeze/thaw observation station is located in the hinterland middle of Qilian Mountain where the climate is a typical plateau continental climate, the temperature is low, temperature differenceis great, the precipitation is less. Its annual average temperature is 0.7 ℃, annual average precipitationis 400mm, annual evaporation varies from 1100mm to 1500mm, extreme maximum temperature is 30.5 ℃, extreme minimum temperature is -31.0 ℃, average wind speed is 2m/s, the maximum wind speed is 20m/s, annual snowfall period is 240-270 days, frozen periodbegins in September, and finishes in May of next year, frostless season is 40-110 days, sunshine hours is about 2590-2890 hours.
Vegetation and soil
The grassland, Station located, growing well at summer, vegetation height in the range of 20-30cm. The main types of station undersurface in mountain meadow and alpine meadow. The soil type was a chestnut soil, loam (sand:45 silt:35 clay:20).
Observation system
1. Start from 2012-12-29 to now
The A'rou freeze/thaw observation station have set up a weather station(28m), open-path eddy-covariance flux measurement system. The eddy-covariance flux system is composed of three dimensional sonic anemometer(CSAT3, Campbell, USA）and open path CO2/H2O gas analyzer( Li7500, Li-cor, USA). The instrument mount-height was 3.5m, the ultrasound direction was at an azimuth angle of 0°, the distance between Li7500 and CSAT3 was 15cm and sampling frequency was 10Hz. Output Flux data are 30-minutes cycle. Observation start from Dec. 29, 2012.
The installation heights and orientations of different sensors were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 25 m, towards north), wind speed profile (1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 25 m, towards north), wind direction profile (2 m, towards north), air pressure (2 m), rain gauge (5 m, towards south), four-component radiometer (5 m, towards south), two infrared temperature sensors (5 m, towards south, vertically downward), photo synthetically active radiation (5 m, towards south, vertically upward), soil heat flux (3 duplicates, -0.06 m, 2 m in the south of tower), a TCAV averaging soil thermocouple probe (-0.02, -0.04 m, 2 m in the south of tower), soil temperature profile (0, -0.02, -0.04, -0.06, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6, -2, -2.4, -2.8 and -3.2 m, 3 duplicates in -0.04 m and -0.1 m), and soil moisture profile (-0.02, -0.04, -0.06, -0.1, -0.15, -0.2, -0.3, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1.2, -1.6, -2, -2.4, -2.8 and -3.2 m, 3 duplicates in -0.04 m and -0.1 m).
2. 2010-05-27 to 2012-04-10
The A'rou freeze/thaw observation station have set up a weather station(10m), close-path eddy-covariance flux measurement system. The eddy-covariance flux system is composed of three dimensional sonic anemometer(CSAT3, Campbell, USA）and open path CO2/H2O gas analyzer( Li7500, Li-cor, USA). The instrument mount-height was 2.98m, the ultrasound direction was at an azimuth angle of 290°, the distance between Li7500 and CSAT3 was 30cm and sampling frequency was 10HZ. Output Flux data are 30-minutes cycle.
Observation start from May. 27, 2008 to Apr. 10, 2012. Observation items of meteorological observation included multilayer (2m and 10m) of the wind speed, the air temperature and air humidity, the air pressure, precipitation, four components of radiation, the multilayer soil temperature (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm), soil moisture (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm), and soil heat flux (5cm & 15cm).
3. 2008-07-14 to 2010-05-27
The A'rou freeze/thaw observation station have set up a weather station(10m), close-path eddy-covariance flux measurement system. The eddy-covariance flux system is composed of three dimensional sonic anemometer(CSAT3, Campbell, USA）and open path CO2/H2O gas analyzer( Li7500, Li-cor, USA). The instrument mount-height was 3.15m, the ultrasound direction was at an azimuth angle of 86°, the distance between Li7500 and CSAT3 was 30cm and sampling frequency was 10Hz. Output Flux data are 30-minutes cycle.
Observation start from Jul. 14, 2008 to May. 27, 2010. Observation items of meteorological observation included multilayer (2m and 10m) of the wind speed, the air temperature and air humidity, the air pressure, precipitation, four components of radiation, the multilayer soil temperature (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm), soil moisture (10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm), and soil heat flux (5cm & 15cm).
Principal Investigator
Mingguo Ma
E-mail: mmg@lzb.ac.cn
[1] Li X, Li XW, Li ZY, Ma MG, Wang J, Xiao Q, Liu Q, Che T, Chen EX, Yan GJ, Hu ZY, Zhang LX, Chu RZ, Su PX, Liu QH, Liu SM, Wang JD, Niu Z, Chen Y, Jin R, Wang WZ, Ran YH, Xin XZ, Ren HZ. Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2009, 114(D22103), doi:10.1029/2008JD011590.View | Download
[2] Liu SM, Xu ZW, Wang WZ, Bai J, Jia Z, Zhu M, Wang JM. A comparison of eddy-covariance and large aperture scintillometer measurements with respect to the energy balance closure problem. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2011, 15(4): 1291-1306. doi:10.5194/hess-15-1291-2011.View | Download •
[3] Ma Mingguo, Wang Weizhen, Jin Rui, Huang Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui, Tan Junlei. WATER: Dataset of eddy covariance observations at the A'rou freeze/thaw observation station. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2008. doi:10.3972/water973.0282.db (Citation：RIS Style | Bibtex Style) •
[4] Hu Zeyong, Ma Mingguo, Jin Rui, Wang Weizhen, Huang Guanghui, Zhang Zhihui, Tan Junlei. WATER: Dataset of automatic meteorological observations at the A'rou freeze/thaw observation station. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2008. doi:10.3972/water973.0279.db (Citation：RIS Style | Bibtex Style)
[5] Xu ZW, Liu SM, Li X, Shi SJ, Wang JM, Zhu ZL, Xu TR, Wang WZ, Ma MG. Intercomparison of surface energy flux measurement systems used during the HiWATER-MUSOEXE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2013,118, 13140-13157, doi:10.1002/2013JD020260.View | Download
[6] Zhangzhihui, Wang Weizhen, Ma Mingguo, Xu Ziwei, Wu Yueru, Huang Guanghui, Tan Junlei, Data processing and product analysis of Eddy Covariance flux data for WATER. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2010, 25(6): 788-796. View | Download[
[7] Huang Guanghui, Ma Mingguo, Tan Junlei, Zhangzhihui. Data quality control and products of Automatic weather stations for Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2010, 25(6): 814-820.View | Download
[8] Ma Mingguo, Liu Qiang, Yan Guangjian, Chen Erxue, Xiao Qing, Supeixi, Hu Zeyong, Lixin, Niu Zheng, Wang Weizhen, Qian Jinbo, Song Yi, Ding Songshuang, Xin Xiaozhou, Ren Huazhong, Huang Chunlin, Jin Rui, Che Tao, Chu Rongzhong. Simultaneous remote sensing and ground-based experiment in the Heihe River Basin: Experiment of Forest Hydrology and Arid Region Hydrology in the Middle Reaches. Advances in Earth Science, 2009, 24(7): 681-695.View | Download
[9] Li Xin, Ma Mingguo, Wang J ian, Liu Qiang, Che Tao, Hu Zeyong, Xiao Qing, Liu Qinghuo, Su Peixi, Chu Rongzhong, Jin Rui, Wang Weizhen, Ran Youhua. Simultaneous remote sensing and ground based experiment in the Heihe river basin: Scientific objectives and experiment design[ J ]. Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 23 ( 9) : 897-914. View | Download
[10] Wang Weizhen, Xu Ziwei, Liu Shaomin, Li xin, Mamingguo, Wang Jiemin.The characteristics of heat and water vapor fluxes over different surfaces in the Heihe River basin. Advances in Earth Science, 2009, 24(7): 714-723.View|Download