Location

 Qingdao station(36°26'24''N, 120°4'56''E) is located in Jiaolai town, Jiaozhou city, Shandong province, which belongs to Qingdao agricultural university. The station has built one flux tower(36°26'24''N, 120°4'56''E), the height is 8m above sea level. The station represents a summer maize-winter wheat farm ecosystem in the warm temperate continental monsoon climate zone.

Climatic

 Qingdao station is characterized by a warm temperate continental monsoon climate, the average annual temperature is 12.4℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 39.7℃， the extreme minimum temperature is -19.2 ℃, the mean annual humidity is 71%, the mean annual rainfall is 696.6mm. The mean annual sunshine is 2229 hours and the frost-free season is 210 days.

Vegetation and soil

  The vegetations in the station are mainly summer maize and winter wheat, else a handful of apple tree, sweet potato, peanut etc. The vegetation under the flux tower is summer maize-winter wheat. The soil is a Shajiang black soil with pH 6.7, and 12.65g kg^-1 organic matter. The soil thickness is about 50cm. Available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were 100.41mg kg^-1, 39.80mg kg^-1, and 35.8mg kg^-1 respectively.

Observation system

  The flux measurement system consists of three-dimensional sonic anemometers (CSAT3, Campbell) and an open-path infrared gas analyzer (LI-7500A, LI-COR). The sensors are mounted 2.5m above the ground for measurements in the initial of maize season and the whole wheat season, and move to 3.5m above ground for measurement during the mid- and end of maize season. Temperature and relative humidity probe (HMP45C), Net radiometer (CNR1, Kipp and Zonen), Switching anemometer (A100R, UK), Potentiometer windvane (W200P,UK) and Rain gauge(52202，RM Young) are mounted on 5m height of the tower. Three soil heat flux plate sensors (HFP01SC, Hukseflux) are buried at a depth of 5mm. Soil temperature probe(109,Campbell) and water content reflectometer(CS616,Campbell) measure the soil temperature and soil water content in the depth of 5,20,50,100mm . The raw data are recorded on flash card at a frequency of 10Hz. Half-hourly averages are logged in the flash card. The flux tower was installed in June 2013.

Principal Investigator

 Jianlin Wang

E-mail: wangjianlinrice@aliyun.com